Conditional Sentences and Wishes
Нөхцөлт өгүүлбэр ба хүслүүд
This chapter explores conditional sentences for real and unreal situations, hypotheses, regrets, and wishes about contrary-to-fact scenarios. It covers true conditionals in present/future, unreal in present/future/past, progressive forms, mixed times, omitting 'if' with inversion, implied conditions, verb forms after 'wish', and future wishes with 'would'. With timelines, examples, and error analysis, it teaches expressing possibilities, regrets, and desires fluently in conversations and writing.
Энэ бүлэг бодит ба бодит бус нөхцөл, таамаглал, харамсал, эсрэг баримтад хүслүүдийн нөхцөлт өгүүлбэрийг судална. Одоо/ирээдүйд бодит нөхцөлт, одоо/ирээдүй/өнгөрсөнд бодит бус, үргэлжилж буй хэлбэр, холимог цаг, 'if' орхиж урвуулах, илэрхийлээгүй нөхцөл, 'wish' дараа үйл үгийн хэлбэр, 'would'-тай ирээдүй хүслийг хамрана. Цагийн зураг, жишээ, алдаа шинжилгээгээр боломж, харамсал, хүслийг яриа ба бичигт чөлөөтэй илэрхийлэхийг заана.
Learning Objectives
Сургалтын зорилгууд
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Энэ бүлгийг судалсны дараа та дараах зүйлсийг хийх боломжтой болно:
Form true conditional sentences for present and future
Одоо ба ирээдүй бодит нөхцөлт өгүүлбэр бүрдүүлэх
Express unreal conditions in present, future, and past
Одоо, ирээдүй, өнгөрсөнд бодит бус нөхцөлийг илэрхийлэх
Use progressive verb forms in conditionals
Нөхцөлтөд үргэлжилж буй үйл үгийн хэлбэрийг хэрэглэх
Apply mixed time conditionals for different time frames
Өөр өөр цаг хугацааны хүрээнд холимог цаг нөхцөлтийг хэрэглэх
Omit 'if' with inversion for formal hypotheticals
Албан таамагт 'if' орхиж урвуулах
Recognize and use implied conditions without explicit 'if'
Илэрхий 'if'-гүй илэрхийлээгүй нөхцөлийг таних, хэрэглэх
Form wishes with appropriate verb forms for unreal desires
Бодит бус хүслүүдэд тохирох үйл үгийн хэлбэртэй хүсэл бүрдүүлэх
Use 'would' for future wishes expressing hopes or complaints
Ирээдүй хүслүүдэд 'would'-г хүсэл эсвэл гомдол илэрхийлэхэд хэрэглэх
True in the Present or Future
Одоо эсвэл ирээдүйд бодит
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
True conditionals express habitual or possible future facts: if + present, result + present/future (if it rains, we stay/will stay). Use for timeless truths or likely events. Comma if if-clause first.
Бодит нөхцөлт зуршил эсвэл боломжтой ирээдүй баримтыг илэрхийлнэ: if + одоо, үр + одоо/ирээдүй (if it rains, we stay/will stay). Цаггүй үнэн эсвэл магадлалтай үйл явдалд хэрэглэнэ. If-өгүүлбэр эхэнд таслал.
Form / Бүтэц
If + present, present/future result
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
If it rains, plants grow (habit)
If you heat water, it boils (truth)
If he studies, he passes (possible)
If it's cold, we stay inside (present)
If she calls, I will answer (future)
If the horse runs, it wins (habit)
If eagles fly, they hunt (truth)
If we prepare, we succeed (possible)
If the ger is warm, we sleep well (present)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Real conditions only
Бодит нөхцөл зөвхөн
Present for timeless/future in if
If-д цаггүй/ирээдүйд одоо
Result present habit, future specific
Үр одоо зуршил, ирээдүй тодорхой
Comma if first
Эхэнд таслал
Zero conditional truths
Тэг нөхцөлт үнэн
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
if + present (general/future)
if + одоо (ерөнхий/ирээдүй)
every time, whenever (habitual)
every time, whenever (зуршил)
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
If it will rain, we stay.
Present in if
If-д одоо
✓ If it rains, we stay.
No future in if-clause for real conditions
Бодит нөхцөлд if-өгүүлбэрт ирээдүй bayhgui
If it rains we stay.
Comma needed if first
Эхэнд таслал хэрэгтэй
✓ If it rains, we stay.
Punctuate dependent first
Хамааралтай эхэнд цэг тэмдэглэх
We stay, if it rains.
No comma if last
Сүүлд таслал bayhgui
✓ We stay if it rains.
No comma when clause follows main
Өгүүлбэр үндсэн дараа таслал bayhgui
If you heats water, it boils.
Heat (agreement)
Heat (тохирол)
✓ If you heat water, it boils.
Subject-verb agreement in clause
Өгүүлбэрт өгүүлэхүүн-үйл тохирол
If it rained, we will stay (mixed).
Rains, stay/will stay
Rains, stay/will stay
✓ If it rains, we stay.
Present in both for habit
Зуршилд хоёуланд одоо
Unreal (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future
Одоо эсвэл ирээдүйд бодит бус (баримтад эсрэг)
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Unreal conditionals for hypotheticals: if + past, result + would/could/might + base (if I had money, I would travel). Use 'were' for all subjects formal (if I were rich). Express imaginary situations.
Бодит бус нөхцөлт таамагт: if + өнгөрсөн, үр + would/could/might + үндсэн (if I had money, I would travel). Албанд бүх өгүүлэхүүнд 'were' (if I were rich). Төсөөллийн нөхцөлийг илэрхийлнэ.
Form / Бүтэц
If + past, would + base
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
If I had a horse, I would ride (hypothetical)
If she were here, she would help (were all)
If it rained, we would stay (imaginary)
If he studied, he would pass (but doesn't)
If we were nomads, we would migrate (unreal)
If the eagle flew, it would hunt (but can't)
If I were you, I would go (advice)
If it were cold, we would wear deels (hypo)
If they had time, they would visit (but no)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Contrary to fact
Баримтад эсрэг
Past tense unreal present/future
Өнгөрсөн цаг бодит бус одоо/ирээдүй
Were formal all subjects
Were албан бүх өгүүлэхүүн
Would result common
Would үр түгээмэл
Could/might possibility
Could/might боломж
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
if now (present unreal)
if одоо (одоо бодит бус)
if tomorrow (future unreal)
if маргааш (ирээдүй бодит бус)
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
If I have money, I would travel.
Had (past unreal)
Had (өнгөрсөн бодит бус)
✓ If I had money, I would travel.
Past for unreal
Бодит бусд өнгөрсөн
If I was rich, I will buy.
Were, would buy
Were, would buy
✓ If I were rich, I would buy.
Were formal, would result
Were албан, would үр
If it rains, we would stay (unreal).
Rained
Rained
✓ If it rained, we would stay.
Past condition
Өнгөрсөн нөхцөл
If she is here, she would help.
Were
Were
✓ If she were here, she would help.
Unreal past
Бодит бус өнгөрсөн
If I am you, I would go.
Were
Were
✓ If I were you, I would go.
Subjunctive were
Таамаг were
Unreal (Contrary to Fact) in the Past
Өнгөрсөнд бодит бус (баримтад эсрэг)
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Past unreal: if + past perfect, result + would/could/might + have + pp (if I had studied, I would have passed). For regrets/hypotheticals about past.
Өнгөрсөн бодит бус: if + өнгөрсөн гүйцэд, үр + would/could/might + have + pp (if I had studied, I would have passed). Өнгөрсөн харамсал/таамагт.
Form / Бүтэц
If + had + pp, would have + pp
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
If I had studied, I would have passed (regret)
If she had come, we would have eaten (hypo)
If it had rained, we would have stayed (past unreal)
If he had called, I would have answered (but didn't)
If we had prepared, we would have won (regret)
If the horse had run, it would have won (hypo)
If I had known, I would have helped (regret)
If they had traveled, they would have seen (past)
If it had been cold, we would have worn deels (unreal)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Past hypothetical
Өнгөрсөн таамаг
Regret common
Харамсал түгээмэл
Would have result
Would have үр
Could/might alternative
Could/might өөр
Comma if first
Эхэнд таслал
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
if yesterday (past unreal)
if өчигдөр (өнгөрсөн бодит бус)
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
If I studied, I would have passed.
Had studied
Had studied
✓ If I had studied, I would have passed.
Past perfect condition
Өнгөрсөн гүйцэд нөхцөл
If she comes, we would have eaten.
Had come
Had come
✓ If she had come, we would have eaten.
Past unreal past perfect
Өнгөрсөн бодит бус өнгөрсөн гүйцэд
If it rained, we would have stay.
Had rained, stayed
Had rained, stayed
✓ If it had rained, we would have stayed.
Have + pp result
Have + pp үр
If I know, I would have helped.
Had known
Had known
✓ If I had known, I would have helped.
Condition past perfect
Нөхцөл өнгөрсөн гүйцэд
If they travel, they would have seen.
Had traveled
Had traveled
✓ If they had traveled, they would have seen.
Unreal past form
Бодит бус өнгөрсөн хэлбэр
Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences
Нөхцөлт өгүүлбэрт үргэлжилж буй үйл үгийн хэлбэрийг хэрэглэх
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Progressive in conditionals for ongoing hypotheticals: present unreal if + was/were + -ing, would be + -ing; past if + had been + -ing, would have been + -ing. Emphasize duration.
Нөхцөлтөд үргэлжилж буй таамагт үргэлжилж буй: одоо бодит бус if + was/were + -ing, would be + -ing; өнгөрсөн if + had been + -ing, would have been + -ing. Үргэлжлэлийг онцолно.
Form / Бүтэц
If + prog, would (have) be + -ing
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
If raining, would be staying (present unreal)
If it were raining, we would be staying (ongoing hypo)
If studying, would be passing (but not)
If had been raining, would have been staying (past)
If it had been raining, we would have stayed inside (duration)
If working, would be tired (ongoing)
If had been studying, would have passed (past hypo)
If flying, would be hunting (unreal)
If had been riding, would have arrived (past)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Ongoing in condition/result
Нөхцөл/үрд үргэлжилж буй
Mix with non-prog
Үргэлжлэлгүйтэй холих
Emphasis duration
Үргэлжлэлийг онцлох
Were being formal
Were being албан
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
if now raining (ongoing)
if одоо raining (үргэлжилж буй)
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
If it raining, we would stay.
Were raining
Were raining
✓ If it were raining, we would stay.
Was/were + -ing
Was/were + -ing
If had rained, we would being staying.
Have been staying
Have been staying
✓ If it had been raining, we would have been staying.
Had been + -ing, would have been + -ing
Had been + -ing, would have been + -ing
If it was rain, we would be stay.
Raining, staying
Raining, staying
✓ If it was raining, we would be staying.
-ing forms
-ing хэлбэр
If studying, we pass.
Were studying, would pass
Were studying, would pass
✓ If we were studying, we would pass.
Full unreal form
Бүрэн бодит бус хэлбэр
Using Mixed Time in Conditional Sentences
Нөхцөлт өгүүлбэрт холимог цаг-г хэрэглэх
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Mixed conditionals combine times (past condition + present result: if had studied, wouldn't be failing). For logical mixes not strict types.
Холимог нөхцөлт цагийг нэгтгэнэ (өнгөрсөн нөхцөл + одоо үр: if had studied, wouldn't be failing). Логик холимогт хатуу төрөл биш.
Form / Бүтэц
If + one time, result other time
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
If I had studied, I wouldn't be failing now (past cond present result)
If it had rained, the ground would be wet (past past mix)
If she were here, we would have eaten (present past)
If he had called, I would be happy (past present)
If we had prepared, we would be succeeding (past present)
If the horse had won, we would be celebrating (past present)
If I were rich, I would have traveled (present past)
If they had come, we would be together (past present)
If it were fixed, we wouldn't have problems (present past)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Logical time relations
Логик цаг харилцаа
Not limited types
Төрлөөр хязгаарлагддаггүй
Common past cond present result
Өнгөрсөн нөхцөл одоо үр түгээмэл
Vary verbs
Үйлийг өөрчлөх
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
if past, now (mixed)
if өнгөрсөн, одоо (холимог)
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
If I studied, I wouldn't be failing.
Had studied
Had studied
✓ If I had studied, I wouldn't be failing.
Past perfect for past cond
Өнгөрсөн нөхцөлд өнгөрсөн гүйцэд
If it rains, the ground would be wet.
Had rained, would have been
Had rained, would have been
✓ If it had rained, the ground would be wet.
Past unreal
Өнгөрсөн бодит бус
If she is here, we would have eaten.
Were
Were
✓ If she were here, we would have eaten.
Present unreal condition
Одоо бодит бус нөхцөл
If he had called, I am happy.
Would be happy
Would be happy
✓ If he had called, I would be happy.
Would be for present result
Одоо үрд would be
Omitting If
If орхиох
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Omit if with inversion formal: were/had/should + subject (were I rich = if I were rich). No would in clause. For emphasis writing.
If орхиж урвуулах албан: were/had/should + өгүүлэхүүн (were I rich = if I were rich). Өгүүлбэрт would bayhgui. Бичигт онцголд.
Form / Бүтэц
Were/Had/Should + sub + , result
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
Were I rich, I would travel
Had he studied, he would have passed
Should it rain, we would stay
Were she here, we would help
Had we known, we would have come
Should you need, call
Were it cold, we would wear
Had the horse won, we would celebrate
Should he call, answer
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Formal hypothetical
Албан таамаг
No if, inversion auxiliary
If bayhgui, туслах урвуу
Were all subjects
Were бүх өгүүлэхүүн
Had past perfect
Had өнгөрсөн гүйцэд
Should possible condition
Should боломжтой нөхцөл
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
N/A
Х/А
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
Was I rich, I would travel.
Were
Were
✓ Were I rich, I would travel.
Were inversion
Were урвуу
Had he studies, passed.
Studied
Studied
✓ Had he studied, he would have passed.
Past perfect
Өнгөрсөн гүйцэд
Should it rains, stay.
Rain
Rain
✓ Should it rain, we would stay.
Base after should
Should дараа үндсэн
If were I rich.
No if
If bayhgui
✓ Were I rich.
Omit if
If орхино
Implied Conditions
Илэрхийлээгүй нөхцөлүүд
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Implied conditions without if, using but/otherwise (I would have gone but tired = if not tired). For inferred conditions.
If-гүй илэрхийлээгүй нөхцөл, but/otherwise ашиглан (I would have gone but tired = if not tired). Таамагласан нөхцөлд.
Form / Бүтэц
Result but/otherwise condition
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
I would have gone but tired
Otherwise, we fail
But for the rain, we go
I would help but busy
Otherwise, it's late
But it's cold, we stay
Would have won but mistake
Otherwise, lose
But for help, fail
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Infer condition
Нөхцөлийг таамаглах
But = except if
But = except if
Otherwise = or else
Otherwise = or else
Concise expression
Богино илэрхийлэл
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
N/A
Х/А
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
I would go but I tired.
Am tired
Am tired
✓ I would go but I am tired.
Full clause
Бүрэн өгүүлбэр
Otherwise we would fail.
Study, otherwise
Study, otherwise
✓ Study, otherwise we fail.
Main first
Үндсэн эхэнд
But the rain, we would go.
For the rain
For the rain
✓ But for the rain, we would go.
But for = except for
But for = except for
I help otherwise busy.
But busy
But busy
✓ I would help but busy.
Conditional but
Нөхцөлт but
Verb Forms Following Wish
Wish дараа үйл үгийн хэлбэр
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Wish + (that) + past unreal present (wish I had), + could/would future (wish he would come), + past perfect past unreal (wish I had studied). That optional. No real wishes (use hope).
Wish + (that) + өнгөрсөн бодит бус одоо (wish I had), + could/would ирээдүй (wish he would come), + өнгөрсөн гүйцэд өнгөрсөн бодит бус (wish I had studied). That сонголттой. Бодит хүсэл биш (hope хэрэглэнэ).
Form / Бүтэц
Wish + past/could/would/past perfect
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
Wish I had a horse (present unreal)
Wish he would help (future wish)
Wish I had studied (past unreal)
I wish it were warm (present)
She wishes she could ride (future)
We wish we had gone (past)
Wish you were here (present)
Wish it would rain (future)
Wish I had known (past)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Unreal contrary
Бодит бус эсрэг
Past present unreal
Өнгөрсөн одоо бодит бус
Would future change/complaint
Would ирээдүй өөрчлөлт/гомдол
Past perfect past regret
Өнгөрсөн гүйцэд өнгөрсөн харамсал
That omit common
That орхино түгээмэл
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
wish now (present unreal)
wish одоо (одоо бодит бус)
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
Wish I have a horse.
Had
Had
✓ Wish I had a horse.
Past unreal
Өнгөрсөн бодит бус
Wish he will help.
Would help
Would help
✓ Wish he would help.
Would future wish
Would ирээдүй хүсэл
Wish I study (past).
Had studied
Had studied
✓ Wish I had studied.
Past perfect
Өнгөрсөн гүйцэд
I wish it is warm.
Were warm
Were warm
✓ I wish it were warm.
Past form
Өнгөрсөн хэлбэр
Wish I can ride.
Could ride
Could ride
✓ Wish I could ride.
Could possibility
Could боломж
Using Would to Make Wishes About the Future
Ирээдүй хүслүүд бүтээхэд Would-г хэрэглэх
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Wish + would + base future hope/change/complaint (wish he would come). Not for self (use want). Progressive possible (wish it would stop raining).
Wish + would + үндсэн ирээдүй хүсэл/өөрчлөлт/гомдол (wish he would come). Өөрт биш (want хэрэглэнэ). Үргэлжилж буй боломжтой (wish it would stop raining).
Form / Бүтэц
Wish + would + base
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
Wish he would come (hope)
Wish it would rain (change)
Wish you would stop (complaint)
Wish she would help (future)
Wish they would arrive (hope)
Wish the wind would stop (complaint)
Wish he would call (future)
Wish it would be warm (change)
Wish you would understand (complaint)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Other person/action change
Өөр хүн/үйлдэл өөрчлөлт
Complaint annoyance
Гомдол бухимдал
No self would
Өөрт would bayhgui
Progressive ongoing complaint
Үргэлжилж буй үргэлжилж буй гомдол
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
wish would tomorrow
wish would маргааш
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
Wish I would come.
Want to come
Want to come
✓ I want to come.
No self would
Өөрт would bayhgui
Wish he will come.
Would come
Would come
✓ Wish he would come.
Would wish
Would хүсэл
Wish it stops raining.
Would stop
Would stop
✓ Wish it would stop raining.
Would + base
Would + үндсэн
Hope he would come (unreal).
Wish would
Wish would
✓ Wish he would come.
Wish unreal, hope real
Wish бодит бус, hope бодит
Key Terminology
Үндсэн нэр томьёо
Conditional Sentence
Нөхцөлт өгүүлбэр
If clause + result
If өгүүлбэр + үр
If rains, stay
True Conditional
Бодит нөхцөлт
Real possible condition
Бодит боломжтой нөхцөл
If rains, stay
Unreal Conditional
Бодит бус нөхцөлт
Hypothetical contrary
Таамаг эсрэг
If had rain, would stay
Mixed Conditional
Холимог нөхцөлт
Different time cond/result
Өөр цаг нөхцөл/үр
If had studied, wouldn't fail now
Inversion
Урвуу
Omit if, invert auxiliary
If орхиж, туслах урвуулах
Had I known
Wish
Хүсэл
Unreal desire expression
Бодит бус хүслийн илэрхийлэл
Wish I had
Key Points to Remember
Санах ёстой гол санамж
These are the most important concepts from this chapter:
Энэ бүлгийн хамгийн чухал ойлголтууд:
Form true/unreal conditionals
Бодит/бодит бус нөхцөлтийг бүрдүүлэх
Use progressive/mixed in conditionals
Нөхцөлтөд үргэлжилж буй/холимог хэрэглэх
Invert omitting if
If орхиж урвуулах
Express implied conditions
Илэрхийлээгүй нөхцөлийг илэрхийлэх
Make wishes present/past/future unreal
Одоо/өнгөрсөн/ирээдүй бодит бус хүслүүд бүтээх
Use would wishes changes/complaints
Өөрчлөлт/гомдолд would хүслийг хэрэглэх
💡 Review these points regularly to master this chapter!
Энэ бүлгийг эзэмшихийн тулд эдгээр санамжийг байнга давтаарай!
Chapter Summary
Бүлгийн дүгнэлт
Chapter 20 detailed conditional sentences and wishes, covering true and unreal types, progressive and mixed forms, inversion, implied conditions, and wish structures for regrets and desires. You learned to express possibilities and hypotheticals fluently.
Бүлэг 20-д нөхцөлт өгүүлбэр ба хүслүүдийг нарийвчилж, бодит ба бодит бус төрөл, үргэлжилж буй ба холимог хэлбэр, урвуу, илэрхийлээгүй нөхцөл, харамсал ба хүслийн wish бүтцийг. Боломж ба таамагыг чөлөөтэй илэрхийлэхийг сурлаа.
Congratulations on Completing This Chapter!
Та энэ бүлгийг дуусгасандаа баяр хүргэе!
Continue practicing what you learned and move on to the next chapter when you're ready.
Сурсан зүйлээ үргэлжлүүлэн дадлагажуулаад бэлэн болсон үедээ дараагийн бүлэг рүү шилжээрэй.
Chapter 20 of 20
Бүлэг 20 / 20
Өмнөх бүлэг
Бүх бүлэг
Дараах бүлэг