Modals, Part 1
Модал үйл үгс, 1-р хэсэг
This chapter introduces basic modal verbs and their uses, covering polite requests, necessity, lack of necessity, prohibition, advisability, past forms, obligations, unfulfilled intentions, and suggestions. It explores forms like 'can', 'may', 'must', 'have to', 'should', 'ought to', 'had better', 'be supposed to', 'was/were going to', 'let's', 'why don't', 'shall', and comparisons like 'could' vs. 'should'. With emphasis on politeness levels, past expressions, and contextual nuances, it builds foundational modal usage for everyday communication, preparing for advanced modals in Chapter 10.
Энэ бүлэг үндсэн модал үйл үг ба тэдгээрийн хэрэглээг танилцуулж, эелдэг хүсэлт, шаардлага, шаардлагагүй байдал, хориг, зөвлөмж, өнгөрсөн хэлбэр, үүрэг, биелээгүй санаа, санал багтаана. 'Can', 'may', 'must', 'have to', 'should', 'ought to', 'had better', 'be supposed to', 'was/were going to', 'let's', 'why don't', 'shall' зэрэг хэлбэр, 'could' vs. 'should' зэрэг харьцуулалтыг судална. Эелдэг байдлын түвшин, өнгөрсөн илэрхийлэл, нөхцөлийн нарийн ялгааг онцолж, өдөр тутмын харилцаанд модал хэрэглээний суурийг тавьж, 10-р бүлгийн дэвшилтэт модалд бэлтгэнэ.
Learning Objectives
Сургалтын зорилгууд
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Энэ бүлгийг судалсны дараа та дараах зүйлсийг хийх боломжтой болно:
Understand basic modal forms and their meanings
Үндсэн модал хэлбэр ба утгыг ойлгох
Form polite requests with different subjects and structures
Өөр өөр өгүүлэхүүн ба бүтцээр эелдэг хүсэлт бүрдүүлэх
Express necessity, prohibition, and lack of necessity
Шаардлага, хориг, шаардлагагүй байдлыг илэрхийлэх
Give advice using 'should', 'ought to', 'had better', and their past forms
'Should', 'ought to', 'had better' ба тэдгээрийн өнгөрсөн хэлбэрээр зөвлөмж өгөх
Use 'be supposed to' for obligations and 'was/were going to' for unfulfilled plans
Үүрэгт 'be supposed to', биелээгүй төлөвлөгөөд 'was/were going to' хэрэглэх
Make suggestions with 'let's', 'why don't', 'shall', and compare 'could' vs. 'should'
'Let's', 'why don't', 'shall'-аар санал гаргаж, 'could' vs. 'should'-г харьцуулах
Apply modals in contexts like requests, advice, and plans
Хүсэлт, зөвлөмж, төлөвлөгөө зэрэг нөхцөлд модалыг хэрэглэх
Basic Modal Introduction
Үндсэн модал танилцуулга
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Modals are auxiliary verbs that express ability, possibility, permission, necessity, etc. They don't change form (no -s, -ing, -ed), followed by base verb. Common: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would. Phrasal: have to, be able to. Questions invert, negatives add not.
Модал нь чадвар, боломж, зөвшөөрөл, шаардлага г.м. илэрхийлэх туслах үйл үг. Хэлбэр өөрчлөхгүй ( -s, -ing, -ed байхгүй), үндсэн үйл үг дагана. Түгээмэл: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would. Хэллэг: have to, be able to. Асуулт соль, үгүйсгэл not нэмнэ.
Form / Бүтэц
Modal + base verb
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
I can ride (ability)
May I go? (permission)
It might rain (possibility)
You must study (necessity)
Shall we eat? (suggestion)
Should I call? (advice)
Will you help? (request)
I have to leave (phrasal)
Can you swim? (question)
I cannot come (negative)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
No infinitive/to
Инфинитив/to байхгүй
One modal per verb
Үйл үгт нэг модал
Phrasal for tenses
Цагт хэллэг
Meaning context
Утга нөхцөл
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
General
Ерөнхий
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ He cans swim.
Can swim
Can swim
✓ He can swim.
No -s
-s байхгүй
❌ To can help.
Can help
Can help
✓ Can help.
No to
To байхгүй
❌ I will can go.
Will be able to
Will be able to
✓ I will be able to go.
No two modals
Хоёр модал байхгүй
❌ Musts study.
Must study
Must study
✓ Must study.
Base verb
Үндсэн үйл
Polite Requests with “I” as the Subject
Өгүүлэхүүн “I”-тэй эелдэг хүсэлт
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Requests with I: can I (informal permission), may I (formal), could I (more polite). Might I very formal/rare. Response yes/no.
I-тэй хүсэлт: can I (албан бус зөвшөөрөл), may I (албан), could I (илүү эелдэг). Might I маш албан/ховор. Хариу yes/no.
Form / Бүтэц
Can/May/Could/Might I + base?
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
Can I borrow? (informal)
May I sit? (formal)
Could I use? (polite)
Might I ask? (very formal)
Can I help? (offer)
May I have? (request)
Could I see? (tentative)
Can I go? (permission)
May I join? (formal)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Can informal/friends
Can албан бус/найз
May formal/authority
May албан/эрх мэдэл
Could politer tentative
Could илүү эелдэг таамаг
Might rare formal
Might ховор албан
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
N/A
Х/А
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ Can I to borrow?
No to
To байхгүй
✓ Can I borrow?
Base verb
Үндсэн үйл
❌ May I borrows?
Borrow
Borrow
✓ May I borrow?
No -s
-s байхгүй
❌ Could I borrowing?
Borrow
Borrow
✓ Could I borrow?
Base after modal
Модал дараа үндсэн
❌ Might I helps?
Help
Help
✓ Might I help?
Base form
Үндсэн хэлбэр
Polite Requests with “You” as the Subject
Өгүүлэхүүн “You”-тэй эелдэг хүсэлт
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Requests to you: can you (informal), will you (neutral), would you (polite), could you (very polite). Response yes/no or action.
You-д хүсэлт: can you (албан бус), will you (саармаг), would you (эелдэг), could you (маш эелдэг). Хариу yes/no эсвэл үйлдэл.
Form / Бүтэц
Can/Will/Would/Could you + base?
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
Can you help? (informal)
Will you pass? (neutral)
Would you mind? (polite)
Could you explain? (very polite)
Can you open? (casual)
Will you join? (request)
Would you like? (offer)
Could you tell? (tentative)
Can you wait? (informal)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Can ability/permission
Can чадвар/зөвшөөрөл
Will willingness
Will хүсэл
Would politer
Would илүү эелдэг
Could most polite
Could хамгийн эелдэг
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
N/A
Х/А
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ Can you to help?
No to
To байхгүй
✓ Can you help?
Base
Үндсэн
❌ Will you helps?
Help
Help
✓ Will you help?
No -s
-s байхгүй
❌ Would you helping?
Help
Help
✓ Would you help?
Base verb
Үндсэн үйл
❌ Could you opened?
Open
Open
✓ Could you open?
Base form
Үндсэн хэлбэр
Polite Requests with Would You Mind
Would You Mind-тай эелдэг хүсэлт
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Very polite: would you mind + -ing (action), + if I + past (permission). Negative no/not mind = yes ok. Careful response.
Маш эелдэг: would you mind + -ing (үйлдэл), + if I + өнгөрсөн (зөвшөөрөл). Үгүйсгэл no/not mind = yes ok. Хариу болгоомжтой.
Form / Бүтэц
Would you mind + -ing/if + past?
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
Would you mind helping? (action)
Would you mind if I helped? (permission)
Would you mind opening? (request)
Would you mind if I opened? (ask permission)
No, not at all (ok)
Yes, I would (mind, not ok)
Would you mind waiting? (polite)
Would you mind if I waited? (permission)
No problem (ok)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
-ing action by you
-ing you-ийн үйлдэл
If I past my action
If I өнгөрсөн миний үйлдэл
Response opposite
Хариу эсрэг
Very polite formal
Маш эелдэг албан
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
N/A
Х/А
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ Would you mind help?
Helping
Helping
✓ Would you mind helping?
-ing
-ing
❌ Would you mind if I help?
Helped
Helped
✓ Would you mind if I helped?
Past tense
Өнгөрсөн цаг
❌ Yes, not at all (mind).
No
No
✓ No, not at all.
No = ok
No = ok
❌ Would you mind to help?
Helping
Helping
✓ Would you mind helping?
No to
To bayhgui
Expressing Necessity: Must, Have To, Have Got To
Шаардлагыг илэрхийлэх: Must, Have To, Have Got To
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Must strong internal necessity, have to external, have got to informal spoken. All + base. Questions do/does/did + have to. Past had to.
Must хүчтэй дотоод шаардлага, have to гадна, have got to албан бус яриа. Бүгд + үндсэн. Асуулт do/does/did + have to. Өнгөрсөн had to.
Form / Бүтэц
Must/Have (got) to + base
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
I must study (internal)
I have to go (external)
I've got to eat (informal)
Must you leave? (formal)
Do you have to work? (question)
I had to help (past)
She must be careful (necessity)
We have got to hurry (spoken)
He has to practice (external)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Must no past/question common
Must өнгөрсөн/асуулт түгээмэл биш
Have to all tenses
Have to бүх цаг
Got to contractions 've gotta
Got to товчлол 've gotta
Must stronger
Must хүчтэй
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
General
Ерөнхий
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ I must to go.
No to
To bayhgui
✓ I must go.
Base
Үндсэн
❌ Do you must study?
Have to
Have to
✓ Do you have to study?
Question have to
Асуулт have to
❌ I musted go.
Had to
Had to
✓ I had to go.
Past had to
Өнгөрсөн had to
❌ I've got to goes.
Go
Go
✓ I've got to go.
Base verb
Үндсэн үйл
Lack of Necessity and Prohibition: Have To and Must in the Negative
Шаардлагагүй байдал ба хориг: Have To ба Must-ийн үгүйсгэл
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Don't have to lack necessity (optional), must not prohibition (forbidden). Mustn't contraction. Have to negative do not have to.
Don't have to шаардлагагүй (сонголттой), must not хориг (хориотой). Mustn't товчлол. Have to үгүйсгэл do not have to.
Form / Бүтэц
Don't have to + base (lack); Must not + base (prohibit)
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
You don't have to come (optional)
You must not come (forbidden)
I don't have to study (no need)
I mustn't smoke (prohibited)
We don't have to hurry (lack)
You must not touch (prohibit)
She doesn't have to work (optional)
He mustn't drive (forbidden)
They don't have to wait (no necessity)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Don't have to = no obligation
Don't have to = үүрэггүй
Must not = strong prohibition
Must not = хүчтэй хориг
Mustn't spoken
Mustn't яриа
Context distinguish
Нөхцөл ялгана
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
N/A
Х/А
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ You must not to come (optional).
Don't have to
Don't have to
✓ You don't have to come.
Lack use have to negative
Шаардлагагүй have to үгүйсгэл
❌ Don't must go.
Must not
Must not
✓ Must not go.
Prohibit must not
Хориг must not
❌ I have not to study.
Don't have to
Don't have to
✓ I don't have to study.
Negative do not
Үгүйсгэл do not
❌ You mustn't to touch.
No to
To bayhgui
✓ You mustn't touch.
Base verb
Үндсэн үйл
Advisability: Should, Ought To, Had Better
Зөвлөмж: Should, Ought To, Had Better
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Advice: should (common), ought to (formal similar), had better (strong urgent, negative consequence). All + base. Questions should. Negative should not/shouldn't, ought not to (rare), hadn't better (rare).
Зөвлөмж: should (түгээмэл), ought to (албан адил), had better (хүчтэй яаралтай, сөрөг үр дагавар). Бүгд + үндсэн. Асуулт should. Үгүйсгэл should not/shouldn't, ought not to (ховор), hadn't better (ховор).
Form / Бүтэц
Should/Ought to/Had better + base
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
You should study (advice)
You ought to rest (formal)
You had better hurry (urgent)
Should I go? (question)
You shouldn't smoke (negative)
He ought to call (advice)
We had better leave (strong)
She should practice (suggestion)
They ought not to delay (rare negative)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Should 90% usage
Should 90% хэрэглээ
Ought to = should
Ought to = should
Had better threat/immediate
Had better аюул/шууд
Negative warn
Үгүйсгэл анхааруулна
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
General
Ерөнхий
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ You should to study.
No to
To bayhgui
✓ You should study.
Base
Үндсэн
❌ Ought you to go?
Should you
Should you
✓ Should you go?
Question should
Асуулт should
❌ Had better you leave.
You had better
You had better
✓ You had better leave.
Subject after
Өгүүлэхүүн дараа
❌ Shouldn't to do it.
Shouldn't do
Shouldn't do
✓ Shouldn't do it.
Base after not
Not дараа үндсэн
The Past Form of Should
Should-ийн өнгөрсөн хэлбэр
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Past should = should have + participle (unfulfilled advice, regret). Negative should not have (past bad action). Questions should have.
Өнгөрсөн should = should have + оролцох (биелээгүй зөвлөмж, харамсал). Үгүйсгэл should not have (өнгөрсөн муу үйлдэл). Асуулт should have.
Form / Бүтэц
Should (not) have + participle
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
You should have studied (past advice not followed)
I should not have gone (regret)
Should he have called? (question)
We should have helped (unfulfilled)
She shouldn't have said (past bad)
They should have arrived (expected not)
Should I have waited? (question)
He should not have eaten (regret)
You should have seen it (missed good)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Regret/criticism past
Өнгөрсөн харамсал/шүүмж
Positive unfulfilled good
Биелээгүй эерэг
Negative past mistake
Өнгөрсөн алдаа үгүйсгэл
Pronounce should've /ʃʊdəv/
Should've /ʃʊdəv/ дуудна
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
yesterday (past reference)
өчигдөр (өнгөрсөн лавлагаа)
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ You should studied.
Have studied
Have studied
✓ You should have studied.
Have + participle
Have + оролцох
❌ Should have you gone?
Should you have
Should you have
✓ Should you have gone?
Question order
Асуултын дараалал
❌ I shouldn't have go.
Gone
Gone
✓ I shouldn't have gone.
Participle
Оролцох
❌ She should has helped.
Have helped
Have helped
✓ She should have helped.
No has
Has bayhgui
Obligation: Be Supposed To
Үүрэг: Be Supposed To
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Be supposed to expectation/obligation from others (supposed to go). Past was/were supposed to (unfulfilled). Questions be supposed to. Negative not supposed to (not expected).
Be supposed to бусдаас хүлээгдэх/үүрэг (supposed to go). Өнгөрсөн was/were supposed to (биелээгүй). Асуулт be supposed to. Үгүйсгэл not supposed to (хүлээгдээгүй).
Form / Бүтэц
(Be) supposed to + base
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
You are supposed to attend (expectation)
I was supposed to call (unfulfilled)
Is he supposed to help? (question)
We are not supposed to touch (not expected)
She was supposed to arrive (past)
They are supposed to study (obligation)
Am I supposed to wait? (question)
It is supposed to rain (expectation)
He wasn't supposed to say (negative past)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
External expectation
Гадна хүлээлт
Past unfulfilled often
Өнгөрсөн биелээгүй ихэвчлэн
Passive supposed = rumored
Идэвхгүй supposed = цуурхал
Sarcasm possible
Егөөдөл боломжтой
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
supposed to by now (past)
supposed to by now (өнгөрсөн)
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ You supposed to go.
Are supposed to
Are supposed to
✓ You are supposed to go.
Be form
Be хэлбэр
❌ Was you supposed to?
Were you
Were you
✓ Were you supposed to?
Agreement
Тохирол
❌ I am suppose to.
Supposed
Supposed
✓ I am supposed to.
Past participle
Өнгөрсөн оролцох
❌ Not suppose to touch.
Not supposed to
Not supposed to
✓ Not supposed to touch.
Full form
Бүрэн хэлбэр
Unfulfilled Intentions: Was/Were Going To
Биелээгүй санаа: Was/Were Going To
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Was/were going to past plan not happened. Similar to future going to but past. Often with but (was going to but didn't).
Was/were going to болохгүй өнгөрсөн төлөвлөгөө. Ирээдүй going to-той төстэй ч өнгөрсөн. Ихэвчлэн but-тай (was going to but didn't).
Form / Бүтэц
Was/Were (not) going to + base
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
I was going to call but forgot (unfulfilled)
We were going to travel but rained (not happened)
Was she going to help? (question)
They weren't going to come (negative)
He was going to buy but expensive (past plan)
You were going to study but tired (unfulfilled)
It was going to rain but cleared (expectation not)
She was going to marry but changed (past intention)
We were going to eat out but stayed (plan changed)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Past intention not fulfilled
Биелээгүй өнгөрсөн санаа
Often contrast but
Харьцуулалт but ихэвчлэн
Expectation not happened
Биелээгүй хүлээлт
Similar supposed to unfulfilled
Биелээгүй supposed to-той төстэй
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
was going to yesterday
was going to өчигдөр
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ I was go to call.
Going to
Going to
✓ I was going to call.
Full form
Бүрэн хэлбэр
❌ Were you going call?
Going to call
Going to call
✓ Were you going to call?
To + base
To + үндсэн
❌ He was going to helped.
Help
Help
✓ He was going to help.
Base verb
Үндсэн үйл
❌ We weren't going to went.
Go
Go
✓ We weren't going to go.
Base after to
To дараа үндсэн
Making Suggestions: Let’s, Why Don’t, Shall I/We
Санал гаргах: Let’s, Why Don’t, Shall I/We
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Suggestions: let's + base (group incl speaker), why don't + subject + base (suggestion), shall I/we + base (formal offer/suggestion). Responses yes/no.
Санал: let's + үндсэн (бүлэг яригчийг оруулан), why don't + өгүүлэхүүн + үндсэн (санал), shall I/we + үндсэн (албан санал/санал). Хариу yes/no.
Form / Бүтэц
Let's + base; Why don't + sub + base; Shall I/we + base
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
Let's go to the festival (group)
Why don't you join? (suggestion)
Shall I help? (offer)
Let's eat buuz (incl)
Why don't we travel? (group)
Shall we dance? (formal)
Why don't they come? (suggest)
Let's practice (group)
Shall I open? (offer)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Let's incl speaker
Let's яригчийг оруулан
Why don't any subject
Why don't ямар ч өгүүлэхүүн
Shall formal British
Shall албан Британи
Responses action or agree
Хариу үйлдэл эсвэл зөвшөөр
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
N/A
Х/А
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ Lets go.
Let's
Let's
✓ Let's go.
Contraction
Товчлол
❌ Why don't he come?
Does he
Does he
✓ Why doesn't he come?
Agreement
Тохирол
❌ Shall we to eat?
Eat
Eat
✓ Shall we eat?
Base
Үндсэн
❌ Why don't going?
You go
You go
✓ Why don't you go?
Subject base
Өгүүлэхүүн үндсэн
Making Suggestions: Could vs. Should
Санал гаргах: Could vs. Should
Grammar Rule / Дүрмийн тайлбар
Could suggestion alternative (could try), should strong advice (should try). Could tentative, should advisable.
Could өөр сонголт санал (could try), should хүчтэй зөвлөмж (should try). Could таамаг, should зөвлөмжтэй.
Form / Бүтэц
Could/Should + base
Examples / Жишээ өгүүлбэрүүд
You could visit Gobi (suggestion)
You should visit Gobi (advice)
We could eat out (alternative)
We should eat healthy (advisable)
He could call (option)
He should apologize (strong)
They could try (suggest)
They should study (advice)
I could go (tentative)
Usage Notes / Хэрэглээний тэмдэглэл
Could possible idea
Could боломжтой санаа
Should recommended
Should зөвлөсөн
Context tone
Нөхцөлийн өнгө
Both suggestions, strength differs
Хоёулаа санал, хүч өөр
Common Time Expressions / Цагийн илэрхийлэлүүд
N/A
Х/А
Common Errors / Түгээмэл алдаанууд
❌ You could to try.
Try
Try
✓ You could try.
Base
Үндсэн
❌ Should tries.
Try
Try
✓ Should try.
No -s
-s bayhgui
❌ Could you should go?
Choose one
Нэгийг сонго
✓ You could go.
One modal
Нэг модал
❌ I should could help.
Should or could
Should эсвэл could
✓ I could help.
No two
Хоёр bayhgui
Key Terminology
Үндсэн нэр томьёо
Modal Verb
Модал үйл үг
Auxiliary expressing modality
Модаль илэрхийлэх туслах
Can, must
Polite Request
Эелдэг хүсэлт
Courteous ask using modals
Модалтай эелдэг асуух
Could you help?
Necessity
Шаардлага
Required action modal
Шаардлагатай үйлдэл модал
Must go
Prohibition
Хориг
Forbidden modal negative
Хориотой модал үгүйсгэл
Must not
Advisability
Зөвлөмжтэй байдал
Recommended action
Зөвлөсөн үйлдэл
Should do
Suggestion
Санал
Proposed idea modal/phrase
Санал болгосон санаа модал/хэллэг
Let's go
Key Points to Remember
Санах ёстой гол санамж
These are the most important concepts from this chapter:
Энэ бүлгийн хамгийн чухал ойлголтууд:
Grasp basic modals meanings/forms
Үндсэн модал утга/хэлбэрийг ойлгох
Vary politeness in requests
Хүсэлтэд эелдэг байдлыг өөрчлөх
Distinguish necessity/prohibition/lack
Шаардлага/хориг/шаардлагагүйг ялгах
Give/past advice with consequences
Үр дагавартай зөвлөмж/өнгөрсөн өгөх
Express obligations/unfulfilled
Үүрэг/биелээгүй илэрхийлэх
Make/compare suggestions
Санал гаргаж/харьцуулах
💡 Review these points regularly to master this chapter!
Энэ бүлгийг эзэмшихийн тулд эдгээр санамжийг байнга давтаарай!
Chapter Summary
Бүлгийн дүгнэлт
Chapter 9, Part 1, introduced modals for requests, necessity, advice, obligations, intentions, and suggestions. With forms, nuances, and errors, you learned polite communication, preparing for Part 2 in Chapter 10.
Бүлэг 9, 1-р хэсэг, хүсэлт, шаардлага, зөвлөмж, үүрэг, санаа, саналд модалыг танилцуулав. Хэлбэр, нарийн ялгаа, алдаагаар эелдэг харилцааг сурч, 10-р бүлгийн 2-р хэсэгт бэлтгэлээ.
Congratulations on Completing This Chapter!
Та энэ бүлгийг дуусгасандаа баяр хүргэе!
Continue practicing what you learned and move on to the next chapter when you're ready.
Сурсан зүйлээ үргэлжлүүлэн дадлагажуулаад бэлэн болсон үедээ дараагийн бүлэг рүү шилжээрэй.
Chapter 9 of 20
Бүлэг 9 / 20
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